this study investigates the contributions of atlantic ocean to june-august rainfall over uganda and western kenya (ku). the study has utilized the datasets including precipitation from the global precipitation climatology centre, north atlantic oscillation index (naoi), south atlantic ocean dipole index (saodi), era-interim reanalysis, and the atlantic ocean sea surface temperature (sst). singu...

Rainfall anomalies over southern China are found to be asymmetricly influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), with a far stronger influence from positive IOD (pIOD) events. A greater convection anomaly and an equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave train response occurs during pIOD events than during negative IOD (nIOD) events. Over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and South China Sea (SCS), an associated ...

The rainfall in southwest Western Australia (SWWA) mostly falls in May to September, and predominantly in June, July and August (JJA). Records show that, prior to the 1960s, this area had the most reliable rainfall in the country, but in the late 1960s a decrease of approximately 20 per cent (from approximately 3.8 mm/day to 3 mm/day for JJA) occurred in the longterm mean (IOCI 2002), which per...

25 The skills of 11 coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (CGCMs) are 26 investigated in the prediction of seasonal rainfall and circulation anomalies over the Northwest 27 (NW) Pacific for the period 1980-2001, with a focus on the summer following the mature phase 28 of El Niño [hereafter JJA(1)]. It is shown that the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) 29 mode of sea level...

2 ABSTRACT A seasonal forecast system based on a global, fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model is used to (i) evaluate the interannual predictability of the Northwest Pacific climate during June-August following El Niño [JJA(1)], and (ii) examine the contribution from the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) variability. The model retrospective forecast for 1983-2006 captures major mo...

Rainfall in the Moist Tropical Caribbean Region (MTCR) Costa Rica occurs practically throughout year, with quarters June–August (JJA) and December–February (DJF) concentrating over 70% of annual rainfall. Contrarily, March–April September–October, it rains below 100 mm per month. This seasonal rainfall behavior makes region ideal for producing bananas (Musa spp.) pineapple (Ananas comosus) expo...

During the twentieth century sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean exhibited prominent multidecadal variations. The source of such variations has yet to be rigorously established—but the question of their impact on climate can be investigated. Here we report on a set of multimodel experiments to examine the impact of patterns of warming in the North Atlantic, and cooling in the South A...

Hourly or 3-hourly precipitation data from Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 satellite products and rain gauge records are used to characterize East Asian summer monsoon rainfall, including spatial patterns in June–August (JJA) mean precipitation amount, frequency, and intensi...

This study evaluates the predictive performance of North American Multi-model Ensemble (NMME) over Central Africa (CA) using historical rainfall data. The African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 (ARC2) is used as a substitute for reference observational data to examine capability 11 NMME and their ensemble mean (MME) in simulating rainfall. Using Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), Taylor skill score ...